tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26790449581722266612023-11-15T05:42:12.751-08:00How to write a strong essayEasy Argumentative Essay Topics For College Studentskaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-18102895921369570792020-08-24T18:32:00.001-07:002020-08-24T18:32:06.107-07:00Definitions of abnormality unit 2 Essays - Abnormal PsychologyMeanings of variation from the norm unit 2 Essays - Abnormal Psychology 119Abnormality is hard to characterize to choose where ordinary conduct closes and where unusual conduct starts talk about at least two meanings of variation from the norm. (12 imprints) Another conceivable method to characterize anomaly is the inability to work enough. The vast majority who look for mental assistance are experiencing a feeling of mental trouble or inconvenience. In many social orders we have desires for how individuals ought to act and live their lives. A model where this definition can be applied is the point at which somebody is experiencing serious melancholy, which prompts lack of concern and dormancy, this implies the discouraged individual may neglect to try and get up toward the beginning of the day or hold down a vocation and relationship. Inability to work satisfactorily is a general indication of confusion and not itself explicit to any condition. Rosenham and Seligman propose that the most reasonable way to deal with characterizing mental variation from the norm might be to distinguish a lot of seven unusual qualities comprising of misery, maladaptiveness, distinctiveness and flightiness of conduct, unusualness and loss of control, mindle ssness and limitlessness and watches uneasiness. It is recommended that the more an individual has these qualities the more they are classed as unusual. A second definition for irregularity is the deviation from perfect emotional well-being. This methodology not at all like the past one tries to recognize the qualities individuals should be intellectually solid instead of distinguishing the issues. A model is somebody experiencing schizophrenia who regularly experience pipedreams and dreams, a few patients additionally experience absence of enthusiastic reaction. Jahoda sees variation from the norm along these lines to the impression of perfect psychological wellness and searches for a nonattendance of prosperity. She distinguishes 6 significant attributes that people should display so as to be typical. It is the nonattendance of these rules which show irregularity and in this way showing deviation from perfect psychological wellness. These rules comprise of self perspectives, self-improvement, coordination, self-rule, impression of the real world and ecological authority. The individuals who experience the ill effects of schizophren ia subsequently experience the ill effects of a nonattendance of having an exact view of reality just as being not able to feel for other people. This nonattendance demonstrates a deviation from perfect psychological wellness and along these lines may arrange somebody as being anomalous. One issue with Rosenham and Seligmans highlights is that the vast majority of them include making abstract decisions. This is a noteworthy restriction since conduct making extreme distress one eyewitness may have no impact on another spectator while conduct that disregards one people moral standard is steady with another people moral guidelines. The other issue with the classifications is that they likewise apply to individuals who are non-traditionalist and individuals who just think diversely to most of society yet are intellectually sound. Consequently there are no away from proportions of ordinariness or irregularity. This turns out to be significantly progressively troublesome when a few people don't know about their inability to work enough, numerous individuals with schizophrenia deny they have any issue. In this way it would make it extremely hard to analyze such an individual as schizophrenic while passing by the inability to work satisfactorily definition. Social varieties are likewise a restriction to the FFA way to deal with irregularity. Standard examples of conduct and cultural standards and qualities shift across societies prompting critical contrasts in the manner individuals see commonality. What one individual may esteem unusual and degenerate in one culture might be altogether steady with another culture this makes it hard to utilize the FFA as a meaning of variation from the norm and to utilize it as a target device of estimation for irregularity. In England if an outsider was to begin chatting with you in for instance a train, in all likelihood they would be believed to be a little unusual as accepted practices here direct that individuals should stay away from others in broad daylight transport and in most different places too as the British populace esteem their private space and calm . Nonetheless, in numerous different nations, for example, The Netherlands it is totally ordinary and reliable with their cultural standards to grin and state great morning and even beginning a discussion. This shows essentially if a portion of these individuals were to come to Britain and carry on a similar way they did at home they might be marked as somewhat strange so the FFA approach can be very kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-23263649364117926812020-08-22T01:56:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:56:30.105-07:00Psychoticism and Creativity TheoryQuestion: Examine about the Psychoticism and Creativity Theory. Answer: Presentation: The central point of the article is to assess and comprehend different jobs of inventiveness in welcoming transformative effect on the instruction framework. To see a top to bottom information about the capacity of inventiveness in term of training, the paper has considered assessing some pertinent hypothetical ideas of innovativeness. The word Creativity is the meaning of that specific capacity through which another and unique thought can be developed. At the end of the day, innovativeness is most likely the capacity of turning imaginative, unique and new ideas into the real world. It is, subsequently, the ability of discovering examples and thoughts which are covered up and utilize them to obtain new arrangements. In the expressions of Craft et al., (2013), through innovativeness the world can see better approaches to create arrangements. A significant point to consider in this issue is the productivity of imagination can be gained when there will be an innovative individual, a unique item alongside an inventive procedure. Theory explanation Innovativeness and training is interconnected and speculations of psychoanalytical, humanistic and framework together readies a solid ground to help that. Creaytivity as opined by Wachanga, Kamonjo Okere, (2015), is a positive exertion results from a badly arranged circumstance. In view of the ideas of Kumpulainen, Mikkola Jaatinen, (2014), the psychoanalytical hypothesis is presumably the most seasoned hypothetical idea that contends that innovativeness is the starter demonstration of returning from a cruel circumstance. The theoretical methodology of Psychoanalytical hypothesis for innovativeness is that an inventive individual is the consequence of troublesome and muddled conditions. It is henceforth justifiable that inventiveness resembles a side of alleviation for an individual to discover the arrangement in an unfriendly universe, that exertion through which imaginative thoughts step up. This hypothetical idea has been proliferated since Freud contended that inventiveness starts when struggle emerges from strain and disappointment. In any case, Sigmund Freud's words on instruction ensnare that training is the procedure empowering a person in taking dynamic support in culture without losing or hurting the first vitality of that specific. In the authentic setting, psychoanalytical propensities in instruction have been identified with the instinctual inclinations of the understudies. Following the Orthodox idea of Psychoanalytical hypothesis, imagination among school going kids develops from the internal clashes. In the setting to first learning and kid advancement, inventive training is required as inventiveness is viewed as a capable part for upgrading childrens mental development. On the opposite side, as contended by Davies et al., (2013), innovativeness with respect to youngster training is vital for improving individual, mental development and prosperity. . Inventiveness in eduction is progressed through the connection between an instructor and an understudy and their individual job with respect to training. In the contentious expressions of Sawyer, (2015), imagination through learning is trustworthy on youngsters' feeling. The inquiry may emerge about the connection between a teacher and a school kid and the job of the instructor in drawing out the inventive part of the kid. The psychoanalytical hypothesis contends that transference is the connecting term between an instructor and an understudies imaginative methodology. The idea expounds that an educator is a dependable factor for a childs social and mental development that further improves the imaginative intensity of psyche (Amabile, 2012). Thusly, it very well may be comprehended that craetivity among kids depends upon feeling which is created by a proficient educator. The most critical thought of Freud that is pertinent to an understudy's mental development to acquire imaginative idea into instruction is his examination between inventive procedure and elective alternatives for hypochondria (Ramos Puccio, 2014). Sigmund Freud contended that inventiveness goes about as a resistance system which gives insurance against hypochondria. It further prompts make an all around acknowledged creation that ends up being a bit of open delight. In this manner, the idea of innovativeness in training is exposed to the ideas basic ascribe to proceed as a resistance. In expressions of Boothby (2014), this specific idea of innovativeness is important for training as imaginative instruction is a workmanship and a craftsmanship is viewed as best barrier as far as buildup or dislodging. Subsequently, it tends to be called attention to that innovative training is a barrier component for understudies that eventually transform into a work of examination. In nations like Canada and USA, imaginative reasoning has been named as an essential basic segment of learning. The National curricular focal point of Korea accepts that an informed individual is an imaginative individual. In particular, in Sweden national arrangement of national improvement for by and large instructive focus distinguishes training as the way toward creating inventive abilities (Elliott, 2015). The principal issue with the psychoanalytic methodology of inventiveness about training is that there is less conversation on the mode of oblivious rises above through which innovativeness discharges. It is on the grounds that oblivious rises above assume a significant job in drawing in the vitality to make something creative. Subsequently, it proceeds as a helpful sublimity which ought to have been talked about quickly in the psychoanalytic methodology. The Humanistic hypothesis, then again, shows that human wants and requests depend upon fundamental needs which are water, food and solace, wellbeing needs that is security, and necessities of adoration that is closeness. The most significant one before acquire self-actualisation is the need to have distinction and achievement. When the entirety of the necessities are satisfied, an individual arrives at the phase of self-realization. As opined by Schneider, Pierson Bugental, (2014), an individual can act in an important way when the individual passes the degree of self-realization. The purpose for having the option to become inventive is the capacity to address all the issues. According to the contention of the hypothesis, innovativeness isn't exposed to a specific situation. The hypothesis with respect to learning gives a theoretical viewpoint that observes that inventiveness is the central factor on account of progressing mental and physical development in term of society that at lo ng last backings to get dynamic towards learning. All the more quickly, in light of the expressions of Laurens et al., (2012), self-completion is the key through which an individual can secure opportunity from every single social control and snatches the capacity to turn into an inventive person. In any case, the detriments of this strategy are that self-realization is most likely unreasonably hard for a pre-school or school going kid and must be material upon grown-up in training. It is on the grounds that for a kid, the prime need is constrained inside the essential ones and doesn't for the most part recah to the necessities of security, love and regard. It ought not be dismissed that the humanist idea of imagination is the improvement strategy that assists with getting less protective, less critical (Amabile, 2012). Characteristics like such give the recompense to communicate any new thought with complete opportunity. In instruction, there is constantly a spot for new thoughts and creative reasoning. The best approach to turn into an imaginative student is the method of creating trust and passing on any new idea with no reluctance. For example, in nations like the US, UK, and Australia, uncommon grants are given to those understudies who are equipped for demonstrating selective learning execution by bringing or advancing any new thought or idea in their particular investigations. In China, the job of innovativeness in instruction is to elevate and persuade students to create imaginative learning in the talks of training. For the educational system of China, innovative learning or offering chances to the understudies to become inventive is the strategy for setting up the whole instruction framework unique (Ramos Puccio, 2014). In any case, since the spread of system hypothesis in the year 1980, nature turned into an indispensable part of inventiveness. Innovativeness in learning became far reaching when the job of nature is being given unnecessary need. By the expressions of Baer, (2012), in this specific field, the Humanistic hypothesis appears to be less commendable. The Humanistic methodology at last shames the job of condition. According to the framework hypothesis which is begun and affected from Bertalanffy's general hypothesis of framework, nature decides if an individual could arrive at the degree of self-completion to get creative or not further. Humanistic hypothesis, despite what might be expected, offers credit to the key needs of human instinct to bend the feature of innovativeness instead of condition. In any case, in instruction, nature does make a difference as a learner or understudy can create quality development in the socio-social and mental side in a well-suited environment. The psychoanalytic hypothesis in this setting matches with the idea of respecting the part of the earth to be a prime factor for inventiveness. It is on the grounds that; the hypothesis accepts that troublesome condition makes an individual constrained enough to discover an answer by imagination (Ramos Puccio, 2014). Be that as it may, for pre-school and school going kids both the hypotheses of psychoanalytic and humanistic sound less upstanding. The connection among innovativeness and training is overwhelmed by another peculiar viewpoint which is characterized by the hypothesis of Psychoticism, however maniacal attributes are uncommon to develop inventiveness. As indicated by Cassetta Goghari, (2014), the hypothesis of Psychoticism is presumably the most unusual one among the other hypothetical ideas of innovativeness. The Psychoticism hypothesis of advancement or inventiveness signifies that the innovativeness is exposed to the maniacal propensities those urge a person to acquire an imaginative character. A contention can be raised abou kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-62756232750414254942020-07-23T09:51:00.001-07:002020-07-23T09:51:03.696-07:00Dont Make These 5 Mistakes If You Want a Great College Recommendation LetterDont Make These 5 Mistakes If You Want a Great College Recommendation Letter If youre a student getting ready for college, whether youre applying for undergrad or graduate school, and youre in the process of gathering all the documents that the college application requires, youve already learned that youll need a great letter (or letters) of recommendation. While much of creating an effective, convincing letter of recommendation is in how it is worded, there are a few mistakes to avoid (on your end, as a student requesting the letters) if you want to make sure that you have the best possible chance of appearing highly recommended to admissions committees.Mistake 1 â" Picking just any teacher to write itIn most situations, college applications will ask for letters of recommendation from specific teachers or from your principal and/or school counselor. If youre given the option to submit letters of recommendation from anyone of your choice, be sure to choose a person with whom youve interacted on multiple occasions, and someone who has been in a position of au thority (or leadership) rather than simply a peer (like your friend or sibling).Some examples of great recommenders include:Your homeroom teacherTeachers youve had for subjects in which youve excelledChoir or band directorMusic/dance teachersYour pastor or youth leaderThe leader of a nonprofit you volunteer forThe point you want to keep in mind as you choose whom to ask is that it needs to be someone who knows you well and who wants to see you succeed. This usually means someone that youve interacted with on more than one or two occasions, or someone who has known you for many years. Getting a recommendation from a pastor or a spiritual leader who has watched you in various leadership functions within your place of worship would be a far preferable recommendation than one from a teacher who has known you, and the quality of work you produce, for only a few months.One way to make sure you pick the right person is to meet with him or her briefly and ask if he or she has the time to wr ite a great letter of recommendation for you. If you sense that he or she is too busy, or if he or she mentions something along the lines of I have so many to write, consider asking someone else, especially if the person you already asked is not the best person to highlight details of your interactions with him or her.Mistake 2 â" Being shy if youre told to write it yourselfA common response many teachers or mentors have when asked by a student to write a recommendation letter is, Why dont you just write it yourself and Ill sign it?If your first impulse is to dread this response, dont. Its actually the golden ticket, as far as recommendation letters go. You should be excited and up for the challenge, which is primarily to toot your own horn for a bit.Mistake 3 â" Leaving out specific examplesIts one thing to write in a recommendation letter that the recommended person is generous. Its something else entirely to tell of how he brought donuts to the study sessions whenever a person in his study group was celebrating a birthday, and how he was voted most giving for two years in a row in the school-wide vote for superlative categories. These specific examples serve as narrative proof of the qualities of the applicant, and they add a sense of legitimacy to the letter and to the relationship between the recommended and the recommender.When you ask recommenders to write a college recommendation letter for you, ask them if they would also include specific examples of your interaction with them. If they have been writing letters of recommendation for a long time, theyre likely already aware of the importance of adding specific examples when they write it. It never hurts to include this request just to make sure!If the recommender has requested that you write the letter for him or her, be sure to add these specific examples into your writing. If you cant come up with any noteworthy examples, it never hurts to call up (or email) the recommender and ask if there are any specific encounters that come to mind that you can include in the letter of recommendation you are writing in his or her name.Mistake 4 â" Having spelling or grammar errorsAny letter, regardless of content, will lose its effectiveness if it contains glaring spelling or grammar mistakes. Professionals are expected to submit written communication with clear, correct usage and syntax, and letters of recommendation to colleges should be considered professional. Sloppy usage and grammatical errors seriously deflect from the message of the letter, and they can turn a glowing recommendation into one that has a negative effect on your chances of being accepted to the college. If you notice a grammar or spelling error on a letter of recommendation that was written for you, dont be embarrassed to point it out and request that the teacher gives you a corrected copy. Think of these letters as a sort of first impression the admissions committee gets of youâ"do everything possible to make sure they are correct ones!Mistake 5 â" Not giving your writer (or yourself) enough time to meet recommendation letter deadlinesThe college application process is a whirlwind of activity and requires paying attention to deadlines to ensure that you meet them. Writing recommendation letters takes up a lot of time, particularly if the writer has been asked by several college applicants he or she knows to write one. Thats why its important to give your recommender as much time as possible to get a letter to you (or to the admissions committee at the school(s) you want to attend). You shouldnt expect to ask for the letter and get it within one day (or even a timeframe of a few days). A week or more is a good deadline to suggest to the person writing your recommendation letter.The most important thing to remember is that in the college rush of application deadlines, giving your teachers or leaders adequate time to write and submit a letter is as much for you as for them. The more time they have to focus on writing a great letter for you, the better the letter will be. Its as simple as that.Sample letter 1 â" Focusing on applicants characterDear Admissions Committee:It is with great pleasure that I write this letter of recommendation for [insert name here]. As a highly intelligent and capable student, she has demonstrated her ability to overcome tough academic and personal challenges and to succeed when others thought she would fail throughout her high school experience.I have worked with [insert name here] in the capacity of both adviser and instructor, and in both cases I have found her to be pleasant, conscientious, and motivated to excel. If something was taught in class that she could not fully grasp, she immediately asked for resources she could access at home in order to understand the topic I was teaching through her own homework.An incident I feel summarizes her character best was when her mother fell ill during her junior year and was unable to take care of [insert student name here] and her sisters fully. Instead of using this situation as an excuse, [insert student name] not only took care of her sisters in the role of a caretaker, but she also worked an afternoon job to help support the family during its financial struggles. I dont know how she managed this while simultaneously keeping up with her homework, but she did, and she didnt ask for any special treatment during the course of these events taking place. All of her teachers were shocked at her level of maturity and responsibility â" two traits not usually shared by other 16-year-olds in our student body.I believe that [insert name here] has tremendous potential in her chosen field, and I look forward to seeing what she will accomplish, both during and after her undergraduate studies. If you have any questions or would like further information from me regarding my recommendation of [insert name here], please feel free to contact me at [insert phone number or e-mail address].Si ncerely,Your name hereSample letter 2 â" Focusing on applicants academic achievementsDear Admissions Committee:It is with great pleasure that I write this letter of recommendation for [insert name here]. As a highly intelligent and capable student, she has demonstrated her ability to overcome tough academic challenges and to succeed when others thought she would fail throughout her high school experience.I have worked with [insert name here] in the capacity of both adviser and instructor, and in both cases I have found her to be pleasant, conscientious, and motivated to excel. I taught her as a math instructor, and if something was taught in class that she could not fully grasp, she immediately asked for resources she could access at home in order to understand the topic I was teaching through her own homework.An incident I feel summarizes her academic achievements best is when she was selected to be on our mathematics team and to compete in the national mathematics competitions th at were held in New York City this past year in August. The team I took to the competition were all bright kids, but I felt that [insert students name here] showed more potential than most in becoming a success in the STEM field due to her mathematics knowledge. During the competition, she was poised and energetic, and seemed to become a natural leader of the other team members, who looked to her for advice when a problem arose that they were unsure of.I believe that [insert name here] has great potential in STEM, or any mathematics-related field, and I look forward to seeing what she will accomplish, both during and after her undergraduate studies. If you have any questions or would like further information from me regarding my recommendation of [insert name here], please feel free to contact me at [insert phone number or e-mail address].Sincerely,Your name here kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-17311895288706341922020-05-22T04:14:00.001-07:002020-05-22T04:14:04.053-07:00Visiting Museums - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 299 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Art Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Some people find visiting museums boring as a form of entertainment, while others believe that the role of museums is to educate people, not entertain. Discuss, what is your opinion? In our world today, there is a wide variety of museums where people can travel to and see differently interesting things. Some people state that visiting museums is only a form of recreation; others disagree, arguing that museums play a role in education. In fact, each of these arguments has its own validity. Firstly, museums such as art and music can offer people with a wide range of entertainment activities. For example, they often organise traditional music events performed by local or other famous artists that people can attend to and enjoy to some extent. Another point is that many visitors nowadays may choose to come to museums just for pleasure or as one of the activities that they take part in their holiday trips. This, therefore, makes museums a place to entertain in people leisure time. On the other hand, the establishment of a particular museum like history, science, or oceanography is usually attached to educational purposes. As can be seen, school and university students and teachers are always the guests of museums because the places are where they can discover and obtain a large amount of information related to their studies and teaching. In addition, there are a number of seminars and conferences held at museums that are informative and necessary for scholars and experts in their fields of research. In this way, museums prove the supporting role in human education. In conclusion, visiting museums is clearly seen as both means of entertainment and education. However, from my viewpoint, people should perceive the value of museums in enhancing their own knowledge about the world they live in. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Visiting Museums" essay for you Create order kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-3947057494324501682020-05-07T00:19:00.001-07:002020-05-07T00:19:20.843-07:00The United States Energy Industry Essay - 1431 Words Natural gas is playing an increasingly important role in the global economy, rising to the occasion as an alternative to other fossil fuels such as coal because it burns cleaner. As the oil reserves in many parts of the world are being depleted, the availability of a viable alternative such as natural gas is becoming increasingly important. So too is the lure of the future possibility of energy independence for countries both developed and developing. In the last decade, oil and natural gas development have rapidly expanded in the United States, fundamentally reshaping domestic energy production. It is abundant both within the United States and around the world. Currently, natural gas provides 22% of the U. S. energy demands. It alsoâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦As the number of companies using the high-volume hydraulic fracturing process has expanded, so too has the scale of chemical activity. The long-term health and environmental effects of injecting large volumes of small concentrations of chemicals at this scale are uncertain and hotly debated. For years, American environmentalist groups have aimed their agenda against coal-fired generation plants as the leading villains in the climate change battle. Their censure is well directed. More than 83% of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) are in the form of CO2 with no one producing more of it than energy plants (Naff, 2014). At the same time, the Obama administration has declared an end to U. S. support for coal-fired electricity projects abroad. While the United States energy industry clearly still leads the way on the revolutionary drilling method, the rest of the world is beginning to catch up as nations seek to replicate American success in oil and natural gas development (Wolfgang, 2013). Taking the lead in Europe, Poland plans to begin producing shale gas using hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, as soon as next year, the countryââ¬â¢s treasury minister said recently. More than 100 exploration concessions to more than two dozen companies have been awarded, and the Polish State Geological Institute estimates thatShow MoreRelatedEssay On Whats Next For U. S. Energy975 Words à |à 4 PagesWhatââ¬â¢s next for U.S. energy? 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Body Paragraph 1 United States will be less dependent kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-16622284942600349442020-05-06T09:17:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:17:43.278-07:00Eli Lilly Developing Cymbalta Free Essays Eli Lilly and company is a pharmaceutical company that was established in 1876 by Colonel Eli Lilly, who had served in the union army during the Civil War. One of the products the company developed includes the antidepressant drug Prozac, which has been a legendary product for the company and has generated billions of dollars since its launch. As Prozacââ¬â¢s patent expiration date approached, thereby allowing the sale of generic versions in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Eli Lilly: Developing Cymbalta or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. , the company decided to pursue a product to replace Prozac, named Cymbalta. John Kaiser, the marketing director at Eli Lilly and member of a cross-functional RD team, new anti-depressant team (NAT), has been tasked to lead this effort. Kaiser prepared a presentation about the potential successor, Cymbalta, and convened a meeting with the NAT members to discuss its future potential. The goal of the meeting was to thoroughly analyze and discuss the pros and cons about Cymbaltaââ¬â¢s development and strategic opportunities based on the different options of use. This paper will identify the strategic issues and problems the NAT faced in developing the new product. The paper will then analyze and evaluate the industry and market behavior by using a SWOT analysis. Finally, this paper will offer a set of recommendations based on the surrounding circumstances and options available to the Eli Lilly team. Identification of the strategic issues and problems: Eli Lilly and companyââ¬â¢s NAT members began the process of searching for a successful replacement to Prozac by looking into the strategic choices, possibilities, and successful launch of a replacement shortly after the expiration of Prozacââ¬â¢s patent. Cymbalta was considered as a viable successor to Prozac because it seemed a) to be as good as or better than existing antidepressants, b) to show no signs of safety precautions or toxicity issues, c) to meet previous unmet patient needs, and d) to show promising signs of development as a product to also treat pain, especially if it did not cause special side effects. However, when Lilly developed Cymbalta back in the early 1990ââ¬â¢s, for the major depressive disorder (MDD) market, the product failed to show satisfactory levels of efficacy for treating MDD in phase 2 trials in 1993. Additionally, Lilly had so little experience in the therapeutic area. Moreover, there were variances in the opinions of Neurologists and Psychiatrists related to the symptoms of pain, such as chronic back pain or recurring headache tied to depression. Those variances could peril the decision making process from the top management. Also, since there were no clear guidelines from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for the development of pain indications associated to depression, the likelihood of FDA approval was very slim. Kaiser and the team also encountered several constraints. The team had to decide how to prioritize the clinical trials for Cymbalta within the range of $25 to $50 million and a time frame of 15 to 18 months to design, enroll patients for trial, and then analyze and document results for the clinical trial. Each study was a major task for the NAT members and the team had the opportunity to submit only one objective to the FDA for marketing approval. On the other hand, since Cymbalta had been tested with twice daily dosages of 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg, NAT members also looked into the option of conducting a new set of clinical trials to establish once-a-day dosage of 60 mg of Cymbalta to treat Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The new option would provide more expedient dosing for patients and would also put the product on par with the major competitors. Analysis and Evaluation: The U. S. pharmaceutical industry is complex and dynamic. Itââ¬â¢s an industry that is characterized by high-tech research and development (RD) expenditures and extensive regulation of its products, especially in comparison with other manufacturing sectors. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversee policies that produce faster review and approval times for drugs. The agency carefully evaluates the safety of any new drug and its efficacy. Such policies result in extended periods during which companies can exclusively market their pharmaceutical products. Longer periods of market exclusivity for pharmaceuticals then increase sales revenues, and increased sales revenues in turn lead to greater profits and potentially more funding for RD. Treatment of depression is one area that the U. S. pharmaceutical industry has heavily invested in. The total sales of U. S. antidepressants reached close to $9 billion in the year 2000. Companies such as Eli Lilly capitalized on this opportunity and became a leading force in the antidepressant market with its Prozac drug. Antidepressant product development companies invest heavily in Research and Development (RD), and patent it. With each successful launch of a product, they enjoy its patent rights for quite a long period of time and enjoy the exclusive rights to produce and sell that product resulting in enormous profits for the company. Thus, drug companies continuously attempt to differentiate their product from competitors and bundle in such a way that is more tailored to segment of the market where they can realize higher profits. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: â⬠¢Potential successor to a highly successful brand ââ¬â Prozac from a well-established company in the pharmaceutical industry. Part of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) group of drugs, which is popular and had fewer side effects than tricyclic anti-depressant (TCA) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). â⬠¢Potential to treat both depression and chronic pain, such as headache and backache caused by depression. Weaknesses: â⬠¢Product that is not different from competitorsââ¬â¢ brands. â⬠¢Twice-a-day dosing regi men of 20-40 mg. Threats: â⬠¢Serious market competition from competitorsââ¬â¢ brands such as Paxils and Zoloft with same efficacy. No clear concession amongst physicians as to the nature of link between depression and pain. â⬠¢Attempting to compare Cymbalta to existing SSRI on pain might fail to conclusively separate from competitors, thus giving rival drugs an implicit endorsement for treating pain. Opportunities: â⬠¢Potential development of 60 mg once-a-day dosage with high efficacy. â⬠¢The possibility of pursuing patients with fibromyalgia (severe muscle pain and chronic fatigue) and Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain or DPNP (a painful and debilitating complication of diabetes). According to the National Studies of Health, over 40 million Americans were unable to find relief from their pain, including patients with fibromyalgia and DPNP. Pros and Cons of Plausible Alternatives: If developed successfully, Cymbalta could be a unique product that has the ability to significantly reduce and improve depression and pain. Patients with fibromyalgia and DPNP could greatly benefit from Cymbalta. The pain relief may also be great for patients who suffer from depression and chronic pain like headache and backache. The NATââ¬â¢s idea of pursuing the 60 mg daily dosage is also attractive if it delivers the same efficacy of current antidepressant drugs in the market. However, all of this comes with its perils. The company has to evaluate the risks and any potential side effects that the 60 mg per day dosage may have on patients. They also have to assess the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial with a 15 to 18 monthsââ¬â¢ timeframe and a projected cost of $25 to $50 million. Additionally, they would have to convince the FDA that the new product is ready to market. Failure of any of the aforementioned obstacles could result in loss of the antidepressant market to competitors. Recommendations: Depression and chronic pain diseases, such as fibromyalgia and DPNP, have a profound effect in society at large. Studies in scientific publications have estimated that depression affects 10% to 25% of the population. The antidepressant market in the U. S. in 2000 totaled sales of approximately $9 billion. Eli Lilly has positioned itself well in this market segment. The company has enjoyed a market lead with annual sales of over $2 billion with its antidepressant drug, Prozac. Cymbalta needs to focus on maintaining and increasing that $2 billion dollar revenue Prozac has achieved over the past years, by building on the successful foundations Prozac has already established. It is important to develop an updated product that will undoubtedly outperform its competitors. Cymbalta might be a successful replacement because of its good efficacy or efficacy better than existing antidepressants, Cymbalta also has no apparent safety or toxicity issues, and its possibilities of meeting a previously unmet patient needs, exemplifies why Cymbalta has the potential to total higher record sales than even Prozac. How to cite Eli Lilly: Developing Cymbalta, Papers kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-74036078157548869162020-04-27T07:19:00.001-07:002020-04-27T07:19:03.099-07:00New Ordering System for Girl Scout Cookies Before the implementation of a new ordering system, Girl Scout Cookies faced several challenges. In particular, they had to cope with an excessive amount of paperwork (Laudon Laudon, 2007). For example, the employees had to mark their sales on individual order cards that were later transferred to the troop leaders. In turn, these cards had to be delivered to local headquarters and only then these data had to be provided to manufacturers.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on New Ordering System for Girl Scout Cookies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, one can say that this process was very time-consuming. Moreover, it involved a great number of steps. Furthermore, such an approach did have any safeguards against the individual mistakes of workers. For instance, one can mention calculation errors (Laudon Laudon, 2007). Thus, the new ordering system had to address these problems; otherwise the performance of t he company could decline. In order to respond to these issues the management of Girl Scout Cookies adopted a computerized system called QuickBase. It is a Web-based software solution that is specifically designed for the needs of small businesses. This program enables companies to create various database applications that are used to transfer various kinds of data between different departments. The main advantage of this solution is that it is very inexpensive and user-friendly (Laudon Laudon, 2007). It should be noted that other many businesses pay attention to user-friendliness of software solutions, because they do want to spend money on the training of employees (Vaman, 2007, p. 95). These examples indicate that management should pay attention to the skills of their workers and their needs. Overall, the adoption of this system brought several changes to the company. First of all, it reduced the time that company needed to processes each of its orders placed by the clients. As s oon as they received a request from the customer, they could start working on the order almost immediately. Moreover, computerized order tracking system enabled the company to reduce the calculation errors of the employees by more 90 percent (Laudon Laudon, 2007). Finally, the adoption of this software helped them develop shipment schedules (Laudon Laudon, 2007). Thus, one can argue that the new system greatly increased the efficiency of the company. This is the main benefit brought by the new system. This case illustrates several challenges faced by businesses, especially when they want to implement new software solutions. First of all, the development of an ordering system is a time-consuming and expensive process. Therefore, not every organization can afford such a solution and the management should determine which application best suits the interests of a company.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, companies should remember that their workers may not necessarily know how to use new programs. So, companies should choose such applications that offer a good ratio of efficiency and user-friendliness. This is another issue that should be overlooked. Nevertheless, the case of Girl Scout Cookies shows that these challenges can be overcome. On the whole, businesses are greatly dependent on their ability to incorporate new technologies. These tools are essential for remaining competitive and satisfying the needs of the clients. Businesses should be able to identify their needs and understand the expectations of customers. Only in this way, companies can better implement information technologies. The case of Girl Scout Cookies shows how small businesses can improve their performance. Reference List Laudon, K. Laudon J. (2007). Essentials of business information systems. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania State University. Vaman, J. (2007). ERP in Practice: ERP Strategies for Steering Organizationalà Competence and Competitive Advantage. New York: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. This case study on New Ordering System for Girl Scout Cookies was written and submitted by user Lia Jordan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-71310147464333968882020-03-19T08:24:00.001-07:002020-03-19T08:24:02.218-07:00Outsourceing Framework essaysOutsourceing Framework essays Intent: To provide the company and practitioners with tools and guidelines for addressing both domestic and multi-national sourcing needs. This outsourcing methodology consists of three activities covering the assessment, procurement, implementation, and ultimate maintenance of an arrangement between the company and their outsourcing vendors. A. The summary of tradeoffs to meet its business and financial goals through the next five years, the company needs to leverage technology advances, changes in the regulatory environment, cost reduction opportunities resulting from privatization of service vendors abroad and the proliferation of the information technology by transforming its photo equipment and chemical lines along with current customer service implementation into a highly responsive globally integrated configuration while using its buying power to decrease costs. Framework will mandate tactical design, provisioning, deployment, bill consolidation and payment operations and maintenance for companies photo copiers and related equipment and will be the primary focus for evaluation in order to identify opportunities to reduce costs, improve service delivery, introduce new services currently not outsourced and add the flexibility necessary to favorably position company in its competitive marketplace. The methodologies anticipate the requirements for information technology by recognizing and structuring the interplay between technology, operational and organizational factors. These tools address the challenge of developing effective solutions by balancing the consideration of the whole set of factors faced in their design, implementation, and operations. Teams will focus on analyzing how market and technology changes may impact company costs related to the products and services defined in its global marketing strategy and identified as part of the scope of the program. Among key areas to be analyzed, market deregulation, chemi... kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-69239945515142878422020-03-03T00:11:00.001-08:002020-03-03T00:11:02.553-08:00Former Cop Daniel Holtzclaw Sentenced to 263 YearsFormer Cop Daniel Holtzclaw Sentenced to 263 Years In January 2016, former Oklahoma City police officer Daniel Holtzclaw was sentenced to 263 years in prison for the rape and sexual assault of 13 black women in 2013 and 2014. State prosecutors argued that Holtzclaw should serve his sentence consecutively, making the case that each survivor deserved to have justice for the individual crimes. Holtzclaw made a career of assaulting Black women motorists during traffic stops and other instances and then scared them many of them into silence. His victims- many of whom were poor and had prior records- were too afraid to come forward. A jury found Holtzclaw guilty on 18 out of 36 criminal charges, including three counts of procuring lewd exhibition, four counts of forcible oral sodomy, five counts of first and second-degree rape, and six counts of sexual battery in December 2015. The jury recommended that Holtzclaw serve 263 years in prison. Three of Holtzclawââ¬â¢s victims delivered impact statements at the January 2016 sentencing hearing- including his youngest victim who was just 17 years old at the time of her assault. She told the court about the great damage she experienced, revealing the her life ââ¬Å"has been upside down.â⬠How Hotlzclaw Chose His Victims At least thirteen women came forward to accuse Holtzclaw of sexual assault. Many of the women had not reported the assault for fear of reprisals or fear-later confirmed by the jurys failure to find Holtzclaw guilty on all 36 of the criminal charges brought against him-that they would not be believed. At a preliminary hearing in the case, the 17-year old survivor explained her reasoning, ââ¬Å"Who are they going to believe? Itââ¬â¢s my word against his. Heââ¬â¢s a police officer.â⬠This notion of ââ¬Å"he said, she saidâ⬠is a fairly common argument used to discount sexual assault survivors. And when the accused is a person in a position of power, such as a police officer, it can be even harder for survivors to get due process. It was this very circumstance that Daniel Holtzclaw was counting on. He picked out very specific targets: women who were poor, Black, and who, in several cases, had run-ins with the police because of drugs and sex work. Because of their backgrounds these women would not make credible witnesses against him. He could act with impunity and never have to face any consequences because his victims were already considered guilty in the eyes of the law and society. A similar case happened in Baltimore, where poor Black women were targets of sexual assault: ââ¬Å"20 women who filed a lawsuit against the Housing Authority of Baltimore City are splitting a settlement worth almost $8 million. The lawsuit alleged that maintenance workers at various housing complexes had demanded sexual favors from the women in exchange for receiving badly needed repairs on their units.â⬠Again, these maintenance workers, not unlike Daniel Hotlzclaw, banked on these women being both desperate and untrustworthy.à They believed that they could rape women and not be held accountable. Daniel Hotlzclaw was disabused of this power when he pulled over the wrong the woman, however.à Jannie Ligons, a 57-year-old grandmother, also survived an encounter with Holtzclaw. She was the first woman to come forward. Unlike many of the other victims, she had a support system: she was supported by her daughters and her community. She helped lead the charge that prompted 12 other victims to come forward and speak truth to power. Whats Next? Holtzclawââ¬â¢s attorney said he plans to appeal. However, the judge has previously denied Holtzclaws request for a new trial or an evidentiary hearing. Holtzclaw is currently in jail serving his 263-year sentence. Convictions for police in sexual assault cases are rare and hefty sentences are even rarer. Nevertheless, sexual misconduct within the police force is fairly common. Hereââ¬â¢s hoping that Holtzclawââ¬â¢s case will not be exception but rather the signal for a new era where police are held accountable for sexual violence. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-49426064087289430182020-02-15T15:35:00.001-08:002020-02-15T15:35:03.151-08:00Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2Education - Essay Example The hurdle ahead to making and cultivating of bright future leaders lie in the fact that there must be a solid, rational and foolproof system in place that ensures the supply of the best possible talent in a systematic manner for generations, just like the flow of fresh waters from glaciers, unconditional and superfluous. Young talent originates from the children of a nation. Indeed the birth of a ââ¬Å"born brilliantâ⬠is the miracle of Mother Nature but the polishing of a gem till its transformation into a priceless jewel that the world can admire but cannot afford to buy is the duty of a jeweler. Similarly the states today need to nourish their children and develop them into accolades that honor the nation in the future with standout performances in the fields of military, science and technology. Perhaps this one of the most significant reasons that why developed countries spend large chunks of their budgets on the development programs for children; and why do they allocate high percentages of their budgets to educational and other development programs that are aimed at providing the best of the facilities and infrastructure to their children. Some Exemplary Moves It took United Nations (UN) not long to correctly identify the benefits and meaningfulness of children to the progress and success of the world in the long run. UN was proactive in addressing to the arrangements that were required to be made in order to provide a platform to children and adolescents to coin their opinions and voice their concerns on higher levels. Several resolutions have been passed in the UN as part of the process that ensures that member states provide bright and lucrative opportunities to the young members of their populations to be a part of the decision making process and of the work force (Harry Sheir, 2001). Inviting young individuals to higher platforms and including and considering their opinion and views into the final decision making has become the order of the da y in most developed countries as of today. Activation of youth parliaments and student convoys of International Relations and Law students travelling from one country to another in search for knowledge and solution to modern day political enigmas and scenarios is a rising trend. United Nationsââ¬â¢ Convention on the Rights of Children is also a great breakthrough in the right direction. In light of the articles and clauses of this convention the rights of children to participate in decision making were addressed and implemented in various countries. Developed nations like UK have adopted this convention as one of the primary guidelines to enhance the development of children in its territory and to give them more rights and space to work with (US Census Bureau, 2011). In United States of America, children development is a seriously considered issue and it entails a lot of policy making measures around it. There are several prominent state funded child care and development programs in the US that ensure that children are given the best possible facilities and infrastructure to grow and nourish and flourish. To ensure that children are taken care of well at all times programs such as Child Care and Development Block Grant is one example of state funded programs for children that cater to families belonging kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-33040214399751204502020-02-02T10:08:00.001-08:002020-02-02T10:08:02.955-08:00The Lonsdale Operator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsThe Lonsdale Operator - Essay Example The camera is of course intently focused on the action that is taking place within the given shot; however, there is also inclusion of the men on the bench conversing, as well as off to the far right-hand side of the screen, the inclusion of an individual on a bicycle resting by the side of the road. Although this is not important to the plot or even to the particular scene that is being detailed herein, the fact of the matter is that it helps to provide a given depth and complexity of camera work that was hard if at all utilized prior to the shortââ¬â¢s introduction into the annual right-and history.à acquainted with the full gravity of a given situation; however for this time, providing the extra level of focus on a given point or topic was something that was new and had not been experimented with before. Related to this is the use of close-ups that the filmmaker uses. Of course the most famous of these instances is that of the close up that is utilized to reveal to the viewer that the weapon that the young girl has threatened to use is in fact not a weapon at all but a humble wrench. This was for its time a pioneering technique of cinematography as almost each and every shot had formerly neglected the utilization of the close-up. Lastly and perhaps most conspicuously, is the way in which the filmmakers utilize acid colored gels as a means to vividly color certain shots and sequences in blue or red. To the first time viewer or the untrained eye, such a technique may be easily disregarded as troublesome and/or irritating. However, the fact of the matter is that this yet another ma nifestation of the means by which the filmmakers were pioneering and ahead of their own time. For instance, due to the constraints that the current technology had, it was not possible for nuances in voice inflection or speech, in general, to be translated to the viewer as a means of foreboding what a given scene portended (Galenson et al 130). Although the music could and was utilized as a way to perform this action, the fact of the matter was that the use of tinted filters in front of the camera lens helped greatly to instill certain emotions, even if not realized, within the viewer with regards to the mood of a given scene. For the reasons that have herein been specified, the film acts to provide several ââ¬Å"newâ⬠techniques whereby following cinematography built upon. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-58011944661288844272020-01-25T06:32:00.001-08:002020-01-25T06:32:03.621-08:00Ethics, Business, and the Human Genome Project :: Genetics DNA Genes Science EssaysEthics, Business, and the Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project began in 1990, as part of a collaborative movement by the scientific community to better understand our own genetic makeup. The U.S Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health coordinate this original 15-year plan, which are parts of the National Human Genome Research Institute. The major goals cited by these institutes is as follows: Identify all the estimated 100,000 genes in the human genome. Map the three billion chemical bases that make up human DNA. Store this mapped information in databases worldwide. Develop even better tools for sequencing and analysis. Address the many ethical, legal and social issues that come with this project. The debate over the importance of a Human Genome Project can be cleared up by looking at what the human genome actually is, and why knowing its DNA sequence can be beneficial to the scientific and the human community. The human genome is made up of about three billion base pairs, which contain about 100,000 genes. The 100,000 genes in the 46 human chromosomes only account for a small total of the DNA in our genome. Approximately 10 percent of our DNA make up these genes in our genome, these genes are what is actually encoded for and used by our body to make vital proteins needed for everyday life. The remaining 90 percent of our three billion base pairs are repeated sequences between genes that do not encode for any particular product. These repeated sequences account for the reason why 99 percent of any humans DNA is identical to another human's (1). With this knowledge many people believe it is not worth the time or money to sequence the entire human genome when only a small percen t is used to encode for proteins. However, by sequencing the whole genome researchers will no longer have to do a needle in the haystack type of search for small genes, like the one found on chromosome four that is responsible for Huntington's disease (4). Also, knowing the complete human DNA sequence will allow scientists to determine the role and importance of the repeated DNA, non-protein encoding, sequences in our body. The Human Genome Project has brought to light the importance of single nucleotide polymorphism's (SNPs), which occur every 100 to 300 bases (1). A single nucleotide variation in the DNA sequence can have a major impact on how humans react to bacteria, viruses and drug therapy. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-15572951314819094052020-01-17T02:56:00.001-08:002020-01-17T02:56:04.126-08:00Rape as a Weapon of WarIn recent years, global organizations have fought successfully to protect womenââ¬â¢s rights and gender equality, and Gabon is determined to play its role in maintaining this trend. Gabon is against all forms of violence against women, and recognizes rape as a serious violation of womenââ¬â¢s rights. Gabon also recognizes that sexual violence is perpetuated by War . Currently, armed conflicts across Africa are forcing many women and children to migrate to unsafe territory, and increasing their vulnerability to poverty, abduction and human trafficking . These conditions directly expose them to rape and forced prostitution .Prisoners of war are trafficked into Gabon from Benin, Nigeria, Togo and Mali for prostitution, while others are brought as housemaids and eventually forced to become prostitutes . Human trafficking forces many innocent women and children to live in fear of being exploited. However, Gabon is committed to policies which will bring an end to sexual violence, as well as the conflicts which cause them . In 2001, Gabon enacted strict laws for the prosecution of child traffickers. Gabon has also established a national commission to fight child trafficking, chaired by the nationââ¬â¢s vice president .The Gabonese government also set up a free hotline to fight human trafficking and sexual violence in April 2003, in collaboration with UNICEF. This was the first initiative of its kind in Africa. Gabon recognizes that raising awareness of sexual violence against women is crucial to ending it. The government of Gabon is also confident that a centre to provide protection and assistance to the victims of human trafficking established with the assistance of the European Union in March 2002 will help to rehabilitate the lives of many war-ravaged and sexually abused victims .In January 2002, Gabon joined the the First Specialized Meeting on Child Trafficking and Exploitation in West and Central Africa, in Cote dââ¬â¢Ivoire along with representative s of African countries and UN agencies. Following this meeting, the Yamassoukro Declaration was adopted, upon which Gabon committed to collaborate with other African countries in campaigns against human trafficking . Gabon recognizes the Declaration as a crucial step in uniting womensââ¬â¢ vulnerability to rape across the region.As stated by former Prime Minister Jean- Francois Ntoutoume Emane, the ââ¬Ëempowerment of womenââ¬â¢ has been a major priority for Gabon. Gabon recognizes that women must be empowered to fight sexual violence, for the battle must be fought with them ang not for them.Country Report < http://www. protectionproject. org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/gabon. doc> Ibid Ibid Policy Paper No. 14. 2(E) Human trafficking in Nigeria: Root Causes and Recommendations Country Report < http://www. protectionproject. rg/human_rights_reports/report_documents/gabon. doc> Ibid Troubnikoff, Anna. Trafficking in Women and Children: Current Issues and Developments. Nova Publishers, 2003 Country Report < http://www. protectionproject. org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/gabon. doc> Press Release No: UNIS/GA/1655. General Assembly Special Session Continues, as Heads of State, High-level Ministers Discuss Initiatives for Social Development. < http://www. unis. unvienna. org/unis/pressrels/2000/ga1655. html > kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-92094625163646557492020-01-08T23:19:00.001-08:002020-01-08T23:19:05.632-08:00What is the relationship between global cities, poverty and inequality - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2279 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? With reference to London, Manchester and Glasgow in the UK. Introduction Debates on poverty and inequality have been always heated and topical. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis and the dogma of austerity, poverty and inequality received a newfound attention from academic and policy circles alike. What is especially interesting, for the purposes of this essay, is to look at the bare version of austerity politics and how they have fed into existing socioeconomic privation and how they are aligned with more deep seated politics dating back to Thatcherite economics and Voodoo economics (Harvey, 2005). Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is the relationship between global cities, poverty and inequality?" essay for you Create order This essay will look at the UK and specifically London, Manchester and Glasgow, and tease out themes around poverty and inequality and how they have been animated as a direct result of policy as well as decision-making at Westminster. By and large, poverty and inequality are multifaceted concepts and should not be seen as purely economic. They intersect with legacies and collective memories and the relationship between cities and inequality is therefore going to be dynamic and complicated. This essay first turns to delineating what cities, poverty and inequality are taken to mean and locate this discussion within a larger theoretical current and critique. The argument that will be proposed is that poverty and inequality are, put simply, manifested in their fullest extent in global cities, as they are the immediate receptors of government policy and dialogue. Although regional cities and towns are also affected, the contagion of policy is a lot weaker and their relationship obsc ure. To provide evidence for this argument, this essay will examine three different socioeconomic phenomena that have stark implications for poverty and inequality, namely neoliberal austerity politics, a protracted housing crisis, and finally, deindustrialization and a one-sided focus on the City. The essay concludes with a couple of policy recommendations as to how to curtail the rise of inequality in cities. Why global cities? As briefly mentioned in the introduction, this essay identifies and looks into global cities as opposed to a nation as a whole. This is because the latter is more abstract and generalized, and relies on more macroeconomic assumptions. In contrast, the former is the playground of policy and dialogue, being their proximate receptor and their locus (Musterd and Ostendorf, 2013). That is to say, global cities, in a way, symbolize what policy underlies and is about. The direct consequences that accrue allow an observer to make more credible and robust points about its relationship to inequality and poverty (Sassen, 2011). For example, if this essay were to take up national inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient, the concepts would become harder to discern and the implications unclear. Much of the theoretical literature has homed in on the root causes of inequality and how this deleterious phenomenon has come about (see Atkinson, 2015). Although this essay will later touch on and a ttempt to trace why inequality exists and is magnified in cities, it is noteworthy that most of the research into inequality shies away from looking at the direct results it has on life in global cities.Ãâ How do we explain poverty and inequality? Next, this essay turns to defining poverty and inequality. There is a presumption in favour of conflating these two to purely economic phenomena to be addressed by economic solutions. However, as will be examined, the case study of Glasgow is a powerful rejoinder to this conflation. Namely, it is a city that has competitive economic infrastructure and results, and yet lags behind in other crucial holistic social measurements. More broadly, poverty and inequality, as stated are complex and multifaceted. That is why it is suggested that the Gini coefficient is a fundamentally limited and misguided measurement to marshal in this essay. Instead, what would be more relevant would be more relevant is to look at the likes of Amartya Sen (2005) and his work on human capabilities and how potential can be frustrated in myriad non-economic ways. For this reason, this essay cannot properly infer from Londons high economic performance that it adequately caters to the problems of inequality and poverty. Put simply, that a global city grows does not mean that the least well off are benefiting as well. By taking this comprehensive approach, this essay will discuss how complex policy has complex consequences on peoples lives and general levels of contentedness. The trajectory of inequality Inequality is, by no means, novel. This discussion is embedded in a global debate about what gives rise and momentum to inequality, especially following the global financial crisis of 2008. In the core of the Western world, inequality has run amok in the past few decades, despite the fact that they have rendered modest economic growth in general (Piketty, 2014). This puzzling reality has been the subject of a lot of academic debate and contributions; some scholars have suggested that inequality is not inevitable but, in fact, beneficial, as it makes people more driven and aspirational, and more likely to celebrate and mimic such role models as Mark Zuckerberg and Warren Buffet (Lippman et al., 2005). According to this line of arguing, inequality is seen to be a by-product of entrepreneurial ability and prowess. However, it is unlikely that this line of thought captures the deep and perplexing character of inequality. To rebut the claim that inequality is a fair reflection of tal ent and ability, this essay makes a contention that it is rather the result of collective deliberate decision-making (Stieglitz, 2012). This becomes particularly evident in global cities where the contradictions therein highlight that it must be more than just a lack of talent or luck that is holding people back on such a large scale. London, for example, boasts the City which is undeniably the globes foremost financial center and also the silicon roundabout, a very promising and booming hub of entrepreneurs. Yet, it also has areas like Peckham. Inquiring into the latters residents attitudes, it becomes plain that they feel disillusioned and failed by the capital of the United Kingdom (Glaeser et al., 2009). This area offers another side to Londons success story, as it tends to be hosts of endemic crime, destitution, childhood obesity and other negative manifestations. Therefore, to say that inequality is down to the genes you are endowed and the aspirations you form is too simplist ic a story for global cities. Another instance in which it is seen that people are adversely affected by phenomena outside of their control is that of the prolonged housing crisis that London is witnessing (Harford, 2014). Due to unprecedented demand and people looking to move in, house prices have been on a perpetual rise. What has enabled this rise has been the power that landlords have in that they can charge disproportionate amounts to tenants but they can also fund their own mortgage by letting out properties (Harford, 2014). This translates very negatively for people from lower socioeconomic strata, as they lack comparable access to credit to begin with. That is why they turn to the state and council houses which cater to that. However, the latter have also been penetrated by private landlords leading to the perverse situation whereby council housing is owned privately and can also be overcharged. This is down to political choices regarding allowing the right to buy these k inds of properties, but also creating a generally more permissive framework to buy and let property. At the same time, those at the top end of the economic spectrum have benefitted from more generous inheritance and high property tax offering a glimpse into how glaring inequality can become in global cities. To contrast that, note that Berlin has recently introduced rent controls to avoid a similar scenario (Vasagar, 2015). It is therefore clear that people living in London have vastly different and unequal access to the most important asset of their consumption lives, namely their house, which has bad implications for their psychological wellbeing and the extent to which they can provide for their families sustainably. Big cities cannot afford to have these kinds of contradictions run within them, whereby lower strata segregate from the mainstream in the own communities and refuse to engage with political-decision making and active citizenship (Wheeler, 2005). This, in turn, exa cerbates the already unsteady relationship between cities and inequality, as these groups lose morale and incentive to engage with common goals and agendas. Neoliberalism The global financial crisis has made a case that the United Kingdoms government has heated and that is in favour of austerity politics. The government has engaged in discretionary benefit cuts and also has increased tuition for tertiary education, both of which disproportionally hurt the poor and therefore augment inequality. In seeing benefits reduced, a person in a big city faces profound adversity. Compounded by the housing crisis and general inflation, this person is likely to have his livelihood eroded. Their children will also have to take bloated student loans, and that is if they can afford to hold off working immediately after school. Recently, the UK government has engaged in a bait-and-switch policy whereby benefits to the poor were cut yet that was supposedly counteracted by the introduction of a living wage (OConnor and Gordon, 2015). Again, this example demonstrates that inequality is not an inevitable result of human nature and a random distribution of talent, but cr eated and magnified by governments and collective communities that have bought into the austerity dogma. This has been criticised by high-profile academics such as Pikkety (2014), Stieglitz (2012), and Atkinson (2015). The seeds of inequality were perhaps planted by Thatcherite economics and a legacy of tough-love when it comes to trade unions, workers, and the welfare state. Following Thatchers election, the government introduced a series of neoliberal reforms that placed socioeconomically vulnerable people in an even more precarious situation, stripped of participation in unions, their jobs, if they worked for a factory that closed down, and livelihoods as regressive taxation took its toll (Harvey, 2005). One of the most important features that is relevant for the purposes of this essay is that of deindustrialization and how it has engendered a deep north-south divide in the UK that is persistent and difficult to address. Through a strong and remorseless focus on the service in dustry, which was hailed as forward-looking, efficient and innovative, the UKs industrial base concentrated in cities like Manchester and Glasgow (less so) took a back seat to the city of London (The Equity Trust, 2014). The latter has been consistently nurtured with state support and policy ever since at the expensive of other sectors, such as the manufacturing one which used to make up the backbone of the British economy. Instead, now it is, broadly speaking, lagging behind in terms of productivity as the latest findings of the CDI show (The Equity Trust, 2014). (source: The Equity Trust, 2014) The graph above shows pay gaps between the rich and the poor in different regions in the UK. It is clear that the pay gap in London is the most glaring, although London is by far the highest growing city. This is because the service industry caters mainly to the wealthy and lacks the traditionally job-creating economic multipliers of the industrial and manufacturing sectors that h ave suffered. Conclusion In conclusion, this essay first took up the ambitious task of delineating what is meant by poverty and inequality, which are inherently complicated concepts. It has also attempted to come to grips with global cities and why they should be viewed as the main reference point in any policy discussion about poverty and inequality. The relationship that this essay identified is, by no accounts static. Rather, it evolves with time and changes in government and collective dialogue. This essay has also aimed to dispel associations between growth and inequality throughout by pointing at the example of London and Glasgow, both of which should alter the reader to the holistic and insidious ways in which inequality and poverty work. The roots of inequality and poverty have also been briefly explored, looking at how they are not novel but the result of long-lasting legacies and engrained ways of political thinking. It has finally turned to how important and telling the current context is in ter ms of how inequality sustaining policies have been legitimized under the guise of austerity and in the name of balanced budgets. Bibliography Atkinson, A.B., 2015. Inequality: What Can Be Done? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Glaeser, E.L., Resseger, M., Tobio, K., 2009. Inequality in Cities. Journal of Regional Science 49, 617à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å"646. Harford, T., 2014. Why a house-price bubble means trouble. Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/66189a7a-6f76-11e4-b50f-00144feabdc0.html (accessed 15/10/2015). Harvey, D., 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lippmann, S., Davis, A., Aldrich, H., 2005. Entrepreneurship and Inequality. In: Lisa Keister (Ed.) Entrepreneurship, Research in the Sociology of Work. London: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 3à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å"31. Musterd, S., Ostendorf, W., 2013. Urban Segregation and the Welfare State: Inequality and Exclusion in Western Cities. London: Routledge. OConnor, S., Gordon, S., 2015. Summer Budget: Osborne makes bold bet with living wage. Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft .com/cms/s/0/611460a8-2584-11e5-9c4e-a775d2b173ca.html#axzz3oeeh6xid (accessed 15/10/2015). Piketty, T., 2014. Capital in the 21st Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Sassen, S., 2011. Cities in a World Economy. London: SAGE Publications. Sen, A., 2005. Human rights and capabilities. Journal of Human Development 6, 151à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å"166. The Equity Trust, 2014. A Divided Britain? à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" Inequality Within and Between Regions. London: The Equity Trust. Stiglitz, J., 2012. The price of inequality. London: Penguin. Vasagar, J., 2015. Germany caps rents to tackle rise in housing costs. Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/27efd4b2-c33a-11e4-ac3d-00144feab7de.html#axzz3oeeh6xid (accessed 14/10/2015). Wheeler, C.H., 2005. Cities, Skills, and Inequality. Growth and Change 36, 329à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å"353. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-72953856139061383082019-12-31T19:43:00.001-08:002019-12-31T19:43:03.658-08:00How to Turn on PHP Error Reporting If you are running into a blank orà white page or some other PHP error, but you have no clue what is wrong, you should consider turning on PHP error reporting. Thisà gives you some indication of where or what the problem is, and it is a good first step to solving any PHP problem. You use the error_reporting function to turn on error reporting for a specific file that you want to receive errors on, or you can enable error reporting for all your files at your web server by editing the php.ini file. This saves you the agony of going over thousands of lines of code looking for an error. Error_reporting Function The error_reporting() functionà establishes the error reporting criteriaà at runtime. Because PHP has several levels of reportable errors, this function sets the desired level for the duration of your script. Include the function early in the script, usually immediately after the opening ?php. You have several choices, some of which are illustrated below: How to Displayà Errors Display_error determines whether errors are printed on the screen or hidden from the user. It is used in conjunction with the error_reporting function as shown in the example below: Changing the php.ini File at the Website To see all error reports for all your files, go to your web server and access the php.ini file for your website. Add the following option: The php.ini file is the default configuration file for running applications that use PHP. By placing this option in the php.ini file, you are requesting error messages for all your PHP scripts. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-60529619265614978422019-12-23T15:30:00.001-08:002019-12-23T15:30:03.698-08:00Improving Elderly Peoples Quality Of Life Through... Summary: The aim of my research project was to find how to improve elderly peopleââ¬â¢s quality of life through occupational therapy (OT). I had chosen this topic because my elderly grandparents were undertaking the acquisition of OT services, and I wanted to use the research project to improve their experience. I used three main primary sources to gain insight into elderly problems; two questionnaires, for the elderly, and OTs, to gain information from both parties, and I interviewed an OT to gain a better understanding of OT training, experience and the scope of work OTs provide. Secondary sources such as a documentary, books, webpages and news articles were used to give credence to the responses, with each being appropriately sourced toâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Secondary sources were still useful, with webpages/research papers and a documentary confirming OT and elderly questionnaire responses. Possible bias may have come from sources; therefore searching was done on more platforms , like the internet, Tea Tree Gully and School Libraries, and Federal Government resources. This research diversity reduced bias and contributed to a well-rounded, accurate and higher quality outcome. Questionnaires ââ¬â elderly and occupational therapists (OT) This research process focussed on gaining primary, direct information from the elderly and OTs. The response format of a questionnaire instead of a straight ââ¬Å"yes/noâ⬠answer allowed detailed qualitative answers, giving me a better understanding of the elderlyââ¬â¢s problems and OT judgements. I used answers as quantitative data; similar elderly problems were grouped under a category like ââ¬Å"mobilityâ⬠and a column graph was generated to visually show this information. This form of research collection was extremely relevant and reliable as the information came straight from the source. Unfortunately, the elderly responses could have bias, as the majority were gathered from one retirement village in the north-eastern suburbs. If this project was to be redone, this could be rectified by circulating questionnaires to suburbs of different socio-economic backgrounds. With the OT questionnaires, this occurred: the questionnaires were circulated to OTs of varying experience, allowing answers from new and kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-15973749357583532092019-12-15T12:00:00.001-08:002019-12-15T12:00:06.040-08:00Roosevelt â⬠The Great Depression Free Essays Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a Democrat, came from a wealthy New York family and was educated at Harvard University. He entered politics in 1910 and elected Governor of New York State in 1928 after surviving a bout of polio. The Democrats choose Roosevelt as their candidate to oppose Hoover in the 1932 Presidential Election. We will write a custom essay sample on Roosevelt ââ¬â The Great Depression or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the campaign he said, ââ¬Å"I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a New Deal for the American peopleâ⬠. He promised to use government money and power to rebuild the economy. Roosevelt won with a landslide victory. One of the main reasons for this was that the previous President, Hoover, had not controlled, or attempts to help the economic downfall of the United States. Hoover thought matters would right themselves and therefore took little action. In 1932 Hoover did eventually find some money to help a number of struggling banks and businesses, but he refused to set up federal relief programmes to aid the unemployed. As the Depression dragged on, a protest movement developed among the hungry and the unemployed. Many Americans had lost confidence in President Hoover and were looking for new leadership that arrived in the form of Roosevelt. Once elected, Roosevelt had many problems facing him and his party that the American people expected him to solve. * Most of the populace was unemployed. Over 12 million Americans did not have a job, and this figure was increasing by 12,000 every day. Families relied on charity to stay alive and breadlines were common in every city. * Over 1 million people were homeless. In 1932, 250,000 Americans stopped paying their mortgages and were evicted from their homes. Because of this, many became ââ¬Ëhobosââ¬â¢ or tramps while others moved to waste ground to build huts from scraps of wood and metal, these unhealthy camps were known as ââ¬ËHoovervillesââ¬â¢ after Herbert Hoover. * Total economic collapse followed ââ¬â With so many people out of work the cities could not afford to buy all the food the farmers produced; and by 1932 ââ¬â 1 in 2 farm owners had been evicted. * Many veterans living in poverty demanded bonuses immediately. Their annoyance at not receiving their money came to a head when, during summer 1932, veterans from all over the country went to Washington capital to protest. Many hijacked trains to get there and fought with police who tried to stop them. In June of the same year, more than 20,000 veterans had arrived in Washington and set up a Hooverville opposite the White House. Congress voted against paying the veterans their bonuses and Hoover ordered the army to evict the veterans from their Hooverville. The army thought it was necessary to bring in 4 companies of infantry, 4 troops of cavalry, a machine gun squadron and 6 tanks to disperse the veterans. In the ensuing chaos 2 veterans died and 1000 were injured. * Bank failures were another large problem. During the depression, many people with savings in the bank took the money out to stay alive. This led to new problems; small banks did not have enough money to pay their savers and went bankrupt. After a bank failed, savers with deposits in other banks rushed to take out their savings from other banks, leading to more banks going bankrupt- A total of 1616 banks in 1932. * Many people affected by the depression organised protests in hope to improve conditions. In Iowa, the farmers union organised strikes to stop food reaching markets. This aimed to create food shortage and increase food prices. Roosevelt took a tough stance towards these areas of difficulty, and in his inauguration speech he stated that ââ¬Å"the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfâ⬠. To affect change in America, Roosevelt need more power than he already had. In 1917 congress had allowed President Wilson to change laws without asking and this ââ¬Ëtrading with the enemyâ⬠act was still effective when Roosevelt came into power. Roosevelt realised he could use this act to speed the healing process for Americaââ¬â¢s economy. Roosevelt proposed, and Congress passed, a series of measures designed to provide relief for the unemployed and promote economic recovery. Roosevelt also hoped that the New Deal would help Americaââ¬â¢s problems by bringing about a number of long-term reforms. Two days after his inauguration on the 6th of March, Roosevelt ordered all banks to close for a long bank holiday while he and a cabinet worked out a way to solve the problem. Most Americans were glad to see Roosevelt dealing with the problem although some though he was becoming a dictator and leading America down the road to socialism. By 1933, the number of people unemployed was about 13 million. To get America moving again, these people had to have work and be earning money, allowing them buy products from others. Roosevelt decided that a program of temporary jobs should be put in place, as well as food distribution to the hungry and low-interest loans given to home-owners. Rooseveltââ¬â¢s most famous actions against the depression were the Alphabet Agencies; so called because all were condensed into a set of initials for ease of use. * The Civilian Conservation Corps (C.C.C.) was set up in 1933 and was a popular Roosevelt idea. Unemployed young men were given six-month jobs in the countryside working on projects concerned with forestry, flood control and soil conservation. By doing this, they received a small wage, food, clothing, and shelter. By the end of the 1930ââ¬â¢s, two and a half million men had been in the C.C.C. * Another popular program of reform for that year was the Agricultural Adjustment Act (A.A.A.). It was designed to help farmers who were suffering from low incomes, with many being forced off their land. The government paid the farmers to grow less, which forced prices of food up. Crop prices gradually recovered, and within four years the average farm income had almost doubled. * One of the most important New Deal measures was the National Industrial Recovery Act (N.I.R.A.). This comprised of two sections; the first being the Public Works Administration (P.W.A.), which organised and provided money for the building of useful projects: schools, hospitals, roads, bridges etc. The Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.) was another successful New Deal agency that funded a number of projects to create employment, although these were on a smaller scale than the P.W.A. The other section on the N.I.R.A was the National Recovery Administration (N.R.A.) which recommended an eight-hour day, together with a minimum wage, to help create jobs. Employers who accepted these recommendations were allowed to display a ââ¬ËBlue Eagleââ¬â¢ sign on their goods. Over 2 million people embraced the new standards and benefited because of it; the public was encouraged to buy only from businesses that had joined the scheme. * Rooseveltââ¬â¢s many plans were new, and his kinds of tactics for dealing with depression was regarded as blunt by many people. His other plans however were over-shadowed when he decided to set up the Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) in order to help a poor, badly eroded region which was also prone to flooding. The T.V.A built a network of dams to control the floods and give the area a supply of cheap electricity. This attracted industry and gradually the whole region began to prosper. * Finally, in 1935, the Social Security Act provided pensions for the elderly and benefits for the unemployed, as well as providing help for dependant mothers and children and the handicapped. Roosevelt brought about partial recovery to the United States with the New Deal and ââ¬ËPump primingââ¬â¢ strategy. It was not until the Second World War and the demand for American goods however, that the American economy returned to its former prosperity. How to cite Roosevelt ââ¬â The Great Depression, Papers kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-27004010417264785052019-12-07T08:44:00.001-08:002019-12-07T08:44:03.739-08:00Jackie Roosevelt Robinson Bridging Blacks and Whites free essay sample He went to college at the University of UCLA Where he was star in four sports basketball, baseball, football, and track. He is the only bruin to letter in four sports. After college he went to pursue a career in the Army. He Soon became a lieutenant. He Was put on honorable discharge for seating in a white person seat in the Army bus. In 1947, he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers to become the first African-American to play modern day baseball. He won rookie of the year, and was only the begging for the awards he would receive. He later receive MAP, and elected into the Hall Of Fame.He brought many kinds of fans to the game if baseball. His style of playing brought excitement back to the game. As much of the world like to watch him there were some who hated him. He received much hate mail from all kinds of people. We will write a custom essay sample on Jackie Roosevelt Robinson: Bridging Blacks and Whites or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He received letters threaten to kill him if he was to step on their hometown field with the other white players. A fellow baseball player from the opposing team slid into him putting a big gash in his knee that would take him out of the game. He was not the first black player in the major league baseball; neither was he the first black star athlete.Words cannot describe hat he brought to the game of baseball and the rest of America. His success in baseball proved that blacks and white can coexist, and corporate well together. His importance to the public was more then just playing baseball. Importance continues after his baseball career. After he retired in 1 956, he became active in the NAACP and the civil rights movement. He put forth his baseball career and decade his life to improving African Americans status in society. Many black people looked for to him for help and support.He dint care what people thought of him. Fir example, while he was on the road with his baseball team his refusal to sit in the black section of a hotel resulted in the integration of many white hotels around the states. Robinson was setting the example for the rest of his followers to follow. He would later serve as a special assistant for civil rights Governor Nelson Rockefeller. He also was vice president of a restaurant chain in New York. His achievements were great. Today when you see blacks and whites on the same field or working together thank Jackie for that. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-7680366115252462412019-11-29T20:25:00.001-08:002019-11-29T20:25:05.100-08:00Two Kinds By Amy Tan Essays - Two Kinds, Chinatown Two Kinds By Amy Tan Amy Tans' heartbreaking story, ?Two Kinds?, is a powerful example of conflicting personalities and needs that cause a struggle between parent and child. In every family, parents have, at one point, imposed their failures and expectations on their children, and in worse cases have even tried to live through their children. At times, it can be in the best interest of the child to have a parent motivate them in a specific direction, but as in this story it can sometimes backfire, and the child can be left with feelings of disapproval and questions of ?self-worth.? Instead of enforcing these standards parents should let their children be individuals, and have them learn through their own conscious decisions, and only interfere when the child is headed in the wrong direction. Of course, family values and morals should be taught to a child at a young age to prevent any disastrous situations, and help the child determine between right and wrong. Jing-Mei stands for this individualism in the story, and the mother represents that obtrusive unwanted force. Amy Tans' message in this passage is clear. Frequently imposing standards on a person throughout their life can greatly affect their actions, feelings, and attitudes. The major conflict in this story is between Jing-Mei and her mother. Ever since Jing-Mei was a little girl her mother has believed she could be a prodigy. Her mother would watch television or read articles in magazines to get ideas from other amazing children. Then she would test Jing-Mei tirelessly to try and find something she would be best at. At first Jing-Mei seemed to enjoy her mothers intentions, ? In fact in the beginning I was just as excited as my mother, maybe even more so? (386), but as time went on the tests started to get harder and Jing-Mei kept failing repeatedly. After constantly having to see her mothers disappointed face, Jing-Mei's attitude and feelings began to change, ?I hated the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations.? (387) She began to see a new side of herself; a strong powerful girl with willful thoughts and lots of won'ts, ? I won't let her change me, I promised myself I won't be what I'm not.? (387) So throughout the rest of her life she asserted her right to fall short of her mothers expectations, believing that she could never be anything she wanted to be, she can only be herself. Jing-Mei is the protagonist in this story; we read the story through her eyes and her point of view. She makes herself seem more like a victim of her mother's expectations rather than what she really is, a hurt little girl who does not understand why her mother does not accept her for who she is. Jing-Mei has to deal with both external and internal conflicts. The internal being her feelings of accepting who she is and how she would like to live her life, and the external being her mothers constant pushing of her pseudo images of what she believes Jing-Mei should be. Jing-Mei's upbringing in a society that highly values individualism and autonomy has had a great effect on her feelings and actions. This influence has enabled her to make the decision that she cannot abide by her mother's expectations anymore, and it has helped her stand firmly behind it. The mother is the antagonist in the story; she does not realize what she is doing to her daughter. In her mind she is just helping Jing-Mei to strive for the best, by Jing-Mei opposing her it makes her feel that her daughter is ungrateful and disobedient. This wanting and pushing for the best stems from their current situation, of having little money, and from the mother's past experiences. ?America was where all my mother's hopes lay.? (386) This is the country were she wants her daughter to have a better life than she had. She was born in China where she lost everything: her mother and father, her family home, her first husband, and her twin baby girls. She was not regretful of her past, and she always felt ?things could get better in so many ways.? (386) The loss of her daughters and her belief that you could be anything you want to be in America is a strong example of why she is so persistent in making Jing-Mei become the best she can be. It's like she is taking all her hopes and dreams for three daughters and throwing it all on top of kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-14280350515312954222019-11-25T20:26:00.001-08:002019-11-25T20:26:04.093-08:00Death sentence Essays - Penology, Capital Punishment, Death RowDeath sentence Essays - Penology, Capital Punishment, Death Row DELAYED EXECUTION AND ITS FORBEARANCE UNDER ARTICLE 21 The AFP recently examined the time an inmate spends on death row between sentencing and execution and questioned if inmates are being punished twice with long-term imprisonment and execution. They found an average inmate spends 13 years on death row, with some spending 30 years or more. Craig Haney, professor of psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz and expert on prisoners held in isolation, said, "People on death row live under the threat of death, which is of course an extraordinary psychological trauma, and they are denied most of the ways that people make life in prison more tolerable: meaningful social activity, programming of any kind, activities." U.S. Supreme Court Justice John-Paul Stevens, in a case involving a prisoner who had spent 29 years on death row, wrote, "The delay itself subjects death row inmates to decades of especially severe dehumanizing conditions of confinement." Death sentence Death penalty has been a mode of punishment since time immemorial. The arguments for and against has not changed much over the years. At this point of time when the issue [whether capital punishment must be abolished or not] is still raging, it will be appropriate to remind ourselves as to how the legislatures and the apex Court have dealt with this issue every time it has come up before them. Procedure When Death sentence is Imposed Special Reasons The court has to record special reasons for imposing death sentence. Confirmation by High Court Court of Session after passing a death sentence shall submit the proceedings to the High Court, and the sentence shall not be executed unless it is confirmed by the High Court. The court passing the sentence shall then commit the convicted person to jail custody under a warrant. Enquiry and Additional Evidence The High Court while dealing with confirmation may order further inquiry be made into, or additional evidence taken upon, any point bearing upon, any point bearing upon the guilty or innocence of the convicted person. No order for confirmation No order for confirmation shall be made until the period allowed for preferring an appeal has expired, or if any appeal is presented within such period, until such appeal is disposed of. In every case so submitted, the confirmation of the sentence, or any new sentence or order passed by the High Court, shall when such court consists of two or more judges , be made, passed and signed by at least two of them. Copy of Order Sent to Court of Session In cases submitted by the court of session to the High Court for the confirmation of a sentence of death, the proper officer of the High Court shall ,without delay, after the order of confirmation or other order has been made by the High Court, send a copy of the order under the seal of the High Court and attested with his official signature, to the court of session. Where a person is sentenced to death and an appeal from its judgment lies the execution of the sentence will be postponed until the period allowed for preferring such appeal has expired, or if an appeal is preferred within that period, until such appeal is disposed of. Postponement of Death Sentence on Pregnant Woman If a woman sentenced to death is found to be pregnant, the High Court shall order the execution of the sentence to be postponed and may, if it thinks fit, commute the sentence to imprisonment for life. Mode Of Execution The issue regarding the constitutionality of hanging as a mode of execution came up before the Supreme Court in Deena v. Union of India {[1993] 4 SCC 645}, though the court asserted that it was a judicial function to probe into the reasonableness of a mode of punishment, it refused to hold the mode of hanging as being violative of Article 21 of the constitution. This issue was once again raised in Shashi Nayar {1992 SCC [CRI] 24] the court held that since the issue had already been considered in Deena, there was no good reason to take a different view. Another issue which deserves attention is public hanging as a mode of execution. The issue kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-75446490182789096252019-11-22T03:50:00.001-08:002019-11-22T03:50:04.249-08:00Human Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1Human Sexuality - Essay Example The results of existing research comparing gay and lesbian parents to heterosexual parents and children of gay or lesbian parents to children of heterosexual parents are quite uniform: common stereotypes are not supported by the data. Researchers estimate that the total number of children nationwide living with at least one gay parent ranges from six to 14 million. So far only one state, Florida, totally bans gay adoption. Nine states allow for openly gay and lesbian couples to adopt jointly: California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, plus Washington, D.C. It is more common for one partner to adopt and then for the second to apply as the second parent, or co-parent. Second parent adoption creates a second legally recognized parent for the adoptive children. This is the only way for gay couples to both become legal parents of their children. Second parent adoptions have been granted by the courts in twenty-one states as well as D.C. These states include - Alabama, Alaska, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, and Washington. In general, state agencies and courts now apply a "best interest of the child" standard to decide these cases. Under this approach, a persons sexual orientation cannot be the basis for ending or limiting parent-child relationships unless it is demonstrated that it causes harm to a child. Today social workers must make a difficult decision: should a gay couple be permitted to adopt? In fact, gay men and lesbians have always adopted, though in the past they usually hid their sexual orientation. Today, as they have become more visible in all aspects of society, they are determined to be considered seriously as potential adoptive parents. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-87028764895042093082019-11-20T20:02:00.001-08:002019-11-20T20:02:04.372-08:00The Difference Between Licensing and Credentialing AssignmentThe Difference Between Licensing and Credentialing - Assignment Example In addition, one must pay a fee of $100 for certification. In addition nurses are required to renew their national nursing certification after every two years upon which one must pay $75 as renewal fee. Additionally, nurses are required to have successfully completed thirty hours contact for ongoing education (Pennsylvania Department of State, 2013). On the contrary, the requirements for credentialing as an advance practice nurse may include; a license of a registered nurse as well as relevant education as specialist nurse. In addition, one must have met all the Pennsylvania regulatory requirements for an advanced clinical nurse (Zaccagnini & White, 2011). The multi-state licensure has the impact to both mobility of nurses and nursing practice among different states. In addition, multi-state licensure helps to improve delivery of health care. For example, it helps in carrying out telenursing (Sharpe, 2001). In addition, the legal process required to be licensed as well as be credentialed as advanced practice nurse may include: a person must have been licensed as a nurse. Secondly, one might be issued with a document that is separate from license by the Pennsylvania Board of Nursing. This document defines the scope of practice for an advanced nurse. Thirdly, a confirmation is obtained to from the Pennsylvania Board of Nursing to verify whether one has been authorized to practice as advanced nurse. In addition, one must collaborate with the entire nursing requirement as may define by the law (DeNisco, & Barker, 2013). Pennsylvania Department of State (2013).Nursing License Map: Nursing Licensure made Simple. Retrieved ; on 29th June kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-26112263618251764952019-11-18T22:25:00.001-08:002019-11-18T22:25:12.066-08:00Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1Economic - Essay Example This is shown in the following figure: Image Courtesy: Port Jackson Partners Limited, 2006 These top prices are backed up by a change in the iron ore cost curve in current years. Following figure proves it. Image Courtesy: Port Jackson Partners Limited, 2006 Australian Producers must take benefit of these high prices of iron ore and demand for the mineral Since Australia is the low cost manufacturer of iron ore exported to China, the operating costs to mine the mineral and transporting the ore to the ports are also low. The substructure and iron ore mining procedures in Australia is world class which has been proved by their position on the cost curve (Port Jackson Partners Limited, 2006) in the following figure: Image Courtesy: Port Jackson Partners Limited, 2006 For the past few years Western Australia has become one of the individual country to produce and export iron ore on a large scale. This has been possible due to the Chinese demand for iron ore [(Adams, (2004); Clements and Greig (1994); Clements et al. (1996); Layman (2004) and Ye (1998)]. The low cost of production has helped Australian manufacturers to be unambiguously placed to captivate chances produced by quick Asian demand growth. On the other hand, reacting promptly to shifts in demand is vital to pulling in the break. Any collapse to react to the market increases the threat that other producer countries, will set up low cost production installations in contest with Australia. The longer the postponement the bigger will be the threat. If Western Australia is to increase its supply of iron ore and reap the benefits of growing profit then it has to optimize its inputs. This can be achieved with the help of various combinations of its inputs. The following figure proves this: Source: Seattle education - Appendix to chapter eight In the above figure isoquant Q1 is for 500 units, Q2 is for 475 units and Q3 is for 400 units. Australia can take advantage of this opportunity The production facility ela borations and capital investments demanded to meet this upsurge in demand are enormous. This will have to be made in a much planned way and should be timely too. If Western Australia wants to hold on to its present contribution of sales, it will require committing in a further 300 million tonnes of yearly production capacity over the subsequent 20 years. The kind of commitment needed to attain this capacity is considerable advances to existent port and rail installations in addition to expansion of new mines and elaborations of existent mine sites. At a conventional standard cost of a$65 per tonne in capital expenses demanded for the extra capacity will amount to roughly a$20 billion in extra capital investments compulsory over the following 20 years (Port Jackson Partners Limited, 2006). Optimization of inputs M and L A firmââ¬â¢s production function represents the means by which the different resources of production can be combined to produce a particular quantity of output. In reality the production function denotes the different combination of raw materials like land; labor etc., to produce the maximum quantity of output for a given period. The state of technology is assumed to be fixed (Rowles, 2011). Let us now look at what happens when the inputs like Machinery (M) and labour (L) are optimized with the help of this figure: Figure: (Rowles, 2011). In the above figu kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-28880346673561787732019-11-16T10:58:00.001-08:002019-11-16T10:58:10.142-08:00What Opportunities Made Cinemexs Success Possible Finance EssayWhat Opportunities Made Cinemexs Success Possible Finance Essay Several factors made it possible for Cinemex to emerge as a highly successful exhibition movie theatre chain. First, the Mexican exhibition market was highly regulated for decades and these regulations established a fixed, low ticket price. This provided a disincentive for exhibition owners to invest in their properties since they were unable to raise ticket prices to compensate for their investments. The end-result was a growing collection of old and dilapidated theatres. When the regulations were lifted, Cinemex co-founders Matt Heyman, Adolfo Fastlich, and Miguel Angel Davila believed that an opportunity to provide a high-end movie watching experience by constructing state-of-the-art theatres existed. The team followed a strategy of differentiation through branding. Cinemex improved moviegoers experiences by installing larger screens, providing better sound, employing courteous staff, and making other improvements over what was considered the typical Mexican exhibition. Based on t he information available, this quality advantage seemed to last at least until Cinemex was acquired by Canadian buyout firm Onex. Next, Cinemex capitalized on the declining value of the peso in late 1994 and early 1995. This decline allowed Cinemex to purchase land at a cheaper price. Furthermore, it fortuitously (for Cinemex) discouraged potential competitors in the high-end field, such as AMC and Lowes, from entering the Mexican market. The value of the Mexican Peso continued to substantially decline. This made it continuously cheaper for Cinemex to use US Dollars to purchase new land to build Mexican movie theatres. Further, the improving Mexican economy, population growth in Mexico City, and continued emergence of middle class in Mexico all provided opportunities for Cinemex. Graph the time series of attendance and prices for each Wednesday in 2001. What factors account for the week-on-week differences in attendance for Cinemex and the city as a whole? What is the interpretation in terms of a demand curve? Several factors account for the week by week differences in attendance for Cinemex and Mexico City theatres. Factors such as the ticket price, time of the year, popularity of current films, local weather conditions, and timing of holidays all made attendance highly variable from week to week. In terms of the demand curve, it may move out or in depending on the combination of the above variables. In Spring 2001, Cinemexs main competitor introduced 2-for-1 pricing. Describe, in conceptual terms (and using a demand diagram), the effect this had on Cinemexs demand curve. In the same diagram show the effect of Cinemexs price response. Conceptually, when Cinemexs competition introduced 2-for-1 pricing, the demand curve for Cinemex moved in (or left). At a given ticket price, a certain percentage of moviegoers who would typically choose to see a film at Cinemex would instead choose to forego the additional quality of Cinemexs theatres and take advantage of Cinemexs competitions lower prices. In the chart below, D0 (blue line) is the demand at a given price for Wednesday showings at Cinemex before the 2-for-1 pricing was introduced by competitors. D1 (red line) represents the reduced demand for Cinemex after 2-for-1 pricing was introduced by competitors. Finally, the bullet point outlined in yellow on line D1 reflects Cinemexs new Wednesday 2-for-1 price. 0: Equilibrium before price changes 2: Cinemex lowers price on Wednesdays 1: Cinemex demand moves left after competitors introduce 2-for-1 pricingC:Program FilesMicrosoft OfficeMEDIAOFFICE14BulletsBD21298_.gifC:Program FilesMicrosoft OfficeMEDIAOFFICE14BulletsBD21434_.gifC:Program FilesMicrosoft OfficeMEDIAOFFICE14BulletsBD21434_.gifC:Program FilesMicrosoft OfficeMEDIAOFFICE14BulletsBD21434_.gifC:Program FilesMicrosoft OfficeMEDIAOFFICE14BulletsBD21298_.gif Please note, D1 is shown to the left of D0 since we are speaking in conceptual terms. In actuality, other factors beneficially impacting Cinemex may place the true location of D1 to the right of D0. Further, the price change took place over a year after the initial placement of D0. Therefore, there is some time for beneficial factors to have a sum impact that is relatively more positive than the negative impact Cinemex competitors price drop would have. We explore these possibilities in later answers. How would you construct a counter-factual scenario for what would have happened had this 2-for-1 pricing by competitors not occurred? [Suggestion: one useful place to start might be to compare 2001 to 2000. Explain your answer in terms of the diagram you drew in the previous question. The 2-for-1 pricing by Cinemex competitors did not occur until after week 13 in 2001. Therefore, by comparing the weeks 2 through 13 in 2000 and 2001, we can estimate the increase in attendance from comparable periods in the remaining weeks. This growth factor, or ratio, can then be applied to the 2000 attendance figures in order to estimate what the attendance in 2001 would have been if Cinemexs competitors had not put forth the 2-for-1 deal. Applying the growth factor eliminates the effects of Cinemexs competitors 2-for-1 deal and creates counterfactual data that takes into account other socioeconomic factors driving increased attendance over time. These socioeconomic factors include low unemployment, low inflation, population and GDP growth, and the continued emergence of the middle class. Essentially, this methodology allows our team to reconstruct the original demand curve (D0) and account for growth in the overall market. Construct this counterfactual for attendance. Discuss how you isolate the effect of the competitors price change from the effect of all the other things pushing demand around (the stuff you discussed in part (b)). Be clear about the extent to which you are able to do this (remember no analysis of real data is ever perfect in this regard, but it is important to be able to spot the limitations of whatever methodology you do employ). The table below illustrates attendance at Cinemex on Wednesdays. Weeks 2 through 13 can be analyzed between 2000 and 2001 to determine a growth factor for Cinemex. This growth factor is determined by taking the ratio between the average attendance numbers of 2000 and 2001 for Block 1. In this case, the growth factor is equal to 1.09 (it is the same between 2001 and 2002). The predicted Cinemex attendance for 2001 (depicted in the table below) is determined by multiplying the 2000 attendance numbers, for Blocks 2 through 5, by 1.09. The result of this calculation gives the attendance numbers that Cinemex would have seen had its competitors not established the 2-for-1 deal. Wednesday Attendance Figures Cinemex 2000 2001 (without 2-for-1) 2001 (with 2-for-1) Block Weeks Actual (Avg) Predicted (Avg) Actual (Avg) 1 2 to 13 51602 56445 56445 2 14 to 22 60762 66231 57305 3 23 to 27 66626 72622 67124 4 28 to 34 97717 106511 105479 5 35 to 48 46195 50353 *60642 NOTE: The year was broken down into 5 blocks in order to better analyze the effect of seasonal demand. Week 1 and weeks 49 to 52 were omitted due to the volatility of the holiday seasons attendance. Also, predicted and actual numbers match for Block 1 due to this period being utilized for determination of the growth factor. *- Indicates that both Cinemex and its competitors are using 2-for-1 pricing. Using this counterfactual, quantify the impact of competitors 2-for-1 pricing in Cinemexs Wednesday attendance? Our team analyzed the difference in predicted and actual weekly attendance on Wednesdays at Cinemex during the time period when Cinemexs competitors utilized the 2-for-1 deal and Cinemex maintained its pricing (Blocks 2, 3 and 4). The data indicates that the competitors 2-for-1 deal adversely impacted Cinemexs actual attendance. We observe attendance figures that are lower than the predicted attendance figures. The below table quantifies the average weekly impact of the competitors 2-for-1 deal. To arrive at the estimated dollar impact, we multiplied the difference between predicted and actual attendance by the average ticket prices during each Block. For example, the average ticket price during Weeks 14 to 22 was $20.98. Therefore, $20.98 times 8962 equals $187,288.41. Weekly Impact on Cinemexs Wednesday Attendance 2001 2001 2001 Block Weeks Predicted minus Actual (Avg/week) % Dollar Value of lost Attendance (Avg/week) 1 2 to 13 0 0.00% $ 0.00 2 14 to 22 8926 -13.48% $ 187,288.41 3 23 to 27 5498 -7.57% $ 114,216.15 4 28 to 34 1032 -0.97% $ 21,552.93 Please note, Block 5 was not included in this impact analysis because it encompasses the time period during which Cinemex matched its competitors 2-for-1 deal. Cinemex was most adversely impacted during Weeks 14 to 22 and Weeks 23 to 27. Fortunately for Cinemex, the 2-for-1 deal offered by competitors had only a minimal impact on the summer months. This is likely due to the superior quality of socioeconomic conditions and movies offered during this time (i.e, summer blockbusters). It appears that individuals are willing to pay a higher price to watch superior movies in a superior environment. Overall, Cinemexs actual attendance during Weeks 14 to 34 was 1,589,718. Our team predicted that had the competitors not implemented a 2-for-1 pricing strategy, Cinemex would have had attendance numbers of 1,704,766. This represents an impact of 6.7%, or 115,048, on attendance over the 21 week period in which Cinemex did not offer a 2-for-1 deal and its competitors did. Taking the average ticket prices during Blocks 2, 3, and 4 ($20.98, $20.77, and $20.88 respectively) and multiplying it both actual and predicted revenues allows us to evaluate the dollar impact. Total actual revenue was $33,213,977 and predicted revenue was $35,621,524, a difference of $2,407,547 or 6.76%. Building on the strategy you developed, quantify the impact of Cinemexs own 2-for-1 deal on its Wednesday attendance? Discuss your methodology in terms of a demand diagram framework. Cinemex matched its competitors 2-for-1 deal in Block 5. Based on the data, it appears that this time period has reduced demand compared to the summer months. Demand appears to be similar to Block 2 (Weeks 14 to 22). Therefore, had Cinemex not matched the 2-for-1 deal and maintained their prices, we assume that their attendance numbers for Block 5 would have dropped by the same percentage as Block 2, or 13.48%. Wednesday Attendance Figures Cinemex 2001 No 2-for-1 Deals Both Use 2-for-1 Only Competitors Use 2-for-1 Block Weeks Predicted (Avg) Actual (Avg) Predicted (Avg) 5 35 to 48 50353 60642 43565 As illustrated in the table above, Cinemexs actual average weekly attendance during this period was 60,642. Cinemexs predicted average weekly attendance for Block 5, assuming no 2-for-1 deals, is estimated by using the aforementioned 1.09 growth factor. This provides an estimate of an average weekly attendance of 50,353. If Cinemex had not engaged in the 2-for-1 deal, and its competitors did engage in the 2-for-1 deal, then we predicted the average weekly attendance for Cinemex would decline the same as it did in Block 2, by 13.48% of the No 2-for-1 Deals figure, or a total weekly average of 43,565. This decrease is identical, in terms of percentage (13.48%), as the predicted impact of competitor pricing on Block 2. Blocks 2 and 5 represent the worst case scenario for Cinemex in terms of attendance totals and represent the point of highest demand elasticity. Overall, Cinemexs actual attendance during Weeks 35 to 48 was 848,988. Our team predicted that if Cinemex chose to not use the 2-for-1 promotion, attendance would have been 690,910. This is a difference of 239,078. The actual average ticket price for Block 5 was $15.20. Our team assumed that the average ticket price would have remained roughly the same in Block 5 as it had been in Blocks 2, 3, and 4 had Cinemex not chosen to do the 2-for-1 promotion. The average ticket price for Block 5, therefore, would have been the same as the average ticket price for Blocks 2, 3 and 4, or $20.88. This results in actual ticket revenue of $12,908,555 versus predicted revenue of $12,734,921. The 2-for-1 promotion improved ticket revenue by $173,634.h) Extending the analysis from the previous question, provide an estimate of Cinemexs demand elasticity (with respect to its own price) for Wednesdays. Extending the analysis from Part G, two points on the D1 demand curve have been established and the elasticity (within the 2-for-1 market) can now be estimated for Wednesdays. At the $15.20 ticket price, elasticity is -0.75. This represents a relatively inelastic demand and Cinemex should increase price. Demand Elasticity Estimate Cinemex Block 5 Attendance Block 5 Attendance Cinemex Not Using 2-for-1 Cinemex using 2-for-1 Attendance 43565 60642 Price $20.88 $15.20 Elasticity -0.75 The equation for the 2001 Cinemex Demand Curve is: , or, in other words, . Knowing that ; we can determine elasticity at any point of the curve. Taking the derivative of the Demand curve gives us: ; and so the elasticity equation becomes: ; for any point along the demand curve. Bottom line: Was Heyman right to match the 2-for-1 pricing? Discuss Our team believes that Cinemex should not introduce yearly 2-for-1 pricing. As illustrated in the chart below, our team developed a scoring system to determine which pricing strategy would be most effective. Cinemex Employs 2-for-1 Deal 2-for-1 customer Regular customer 20.43% 79.57% Revenue Ticket Price $15.20 $15.20 Concession Per Person $10.00 $13.96 Other Revenue Per Person $0.20 $0.24 Total Revenue $25.40 $29.40 Expenses Concession Expense Per Person $2.70 $3.77 Payroll Per Person $3.82 $3.82 Supplies Per Person $3.18 $3.18 Occupancy Expense Per Person $6.10 $6.10 Total Expenses $15.80 $16.87 Total Income Per Person $9.60 $12.53 Weighted Average $11.93 x20.43% Attendance Growth Final Score $14.37 The following assumptions were made: We took year 2000 actual attendance for Block 5, multiplied by the expected growth rate of 1.09, and arrived at 50,353. From here, we saw the actual attendance in 2001, when Cinemex did match prices, to be 60,642. This is an increase of 20.43%. Therefore, on average, we expect a 20.43% increase in attendance as a result of the 2-for-1 promotion. This increase in customers would be made up of a stingier group of individuals. These individuals, instead of paying $13.96 on average for concessions, would pay $10.00. Also, the other revenue would drop by roughly the same proportion to $0.20. We found the average income per moviegoer and arrived at the weighted average of $11.93. Then, seeing as attendance increased by 20.43%, we arrived at a final score for this solution of 14.37. Finally, we assumed screen advertising would stay the same since Cinemex is now playing to more full theatres rather than half-empty theatres. Argument can also be made that scale could reduce per-ticket costs, but we did not believe the attendance boost was substantial enough for that. In contrast, had Cinemex not implemented 2-for-1 pricing, the final score would be higher, 18.51. Cinemex Does Not Employ 2-for-1 Deal Regular customer Income Ticket Price $21.18 Concession Per Person $13.96 Other Revenue Per Person $0.24 Total Revenue $35.38 Expenses Concession Expense Per Person $3.77 Payroll Per Person $3.82 Supplies Per Person $3.18 Occupancy Expense Per Person $6.10 Total Expenses $16.87 Total Income Per Person / Final Score $18.51 The final score here is 18.51, higher than 14.37. This is because Cinemex cant discriminate against the type of customer. By reducing the ticket price for all customers, it negatively impacts its box office revenues. 80% of the customers would have attended had prices not been reduced. Furthermore, our assumption that the growth will be fueled by stingier customers reduces concession stands sales. These factors combine to make it a money-losing proposal to offer 2-for-1 deals. If Cinemex could somehow strategically target certain Wednesdays or certain customers, the 2-for-1 proposal may be more viable. Overall, as it stands now, Cinemex should not offer a 2-for-1 deal for all Wednesdays. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679044958172226661.post-87847293022044035432019-11-13T23:29:00.001-08:002019-11-13T23:29:04.243-08:00celebrity worship :: essays research papers Everyone has an entertainer that we follow and like, but when does that like of a person become more than that. Is it possible for a person to become obsessed with an individual you donââ¬â¢t even know? Unfortunately it is, according to an article entitled: A cognitive profile of individuals who tend to worship celebrities, celebrity worship is a form of parasocial interaction in which individuals become obsessed with 1 or more celebrities. This obsession is similar to an erotomanic type of delusional disorder in which the individual believes that another person is passionately in love with them. A group of psychologist wanted to determine if this obsession/worship of celebrities had any common characteristics amongst the individuals. They conducted several test: celebrity attitude scale, intense-personal, and 6 cognitive measures. At the end of these tests they found that people with higher cognitive functioning are better at realizing reality then those with lower functioning. à à à à à I thought that this group of psychologist that conducted this study did a very good job of randomizing the test to minimize the probability of a systematic order effect. As well as making sure that the groups were well divided and used several measures to arrive to their conclusion. Although a sample size of 102 people was used for the testing the group wasnââ¬â¢t chosen by random selection. Also the group itself wasnââ¬â¢t evenly distributed; it contained 81 men with only 21 women. I donââ¬â¢t really understand how they concluded with there test that lower cognitive function was a common trait of celerity worshipers. This statement is too generalized for me; it covers a very large range of people of which not all show obsessive behaviors. à à à à à This study was executed in a good manner but I believe that if they would have increased their selection group (not just a particular group of students) and also balanced out the group sexually them more accurate results. kaylalove196http://www.blogger.com/profile/05855404306440038959noreply@blogger.com0